Six Sigma Quality International

ISO 44001:2017 specifies requirements for the effective identification, development and management of collaborative business relationships within or between organizations.

ISO 44001:2017 is applicable to private and public organizations of all sizes, from large multinational corporations and government organizations, to non-profit organizations and micro/small businesses.

ISO 41001:2018 specifies the requirements for a facility management (FM) system when an organization:

a) needs to demonstrate effective and efficient delivery of FM that supports the objectives of the demand organization;

b) aims to consistently meet the needs of interested parties and applicable requirements;

c) aims to be sustainable in a globally-competitive environment.

The requirements specified in ISO 41001:2018 are non-sector specific and intended to be applicable to all organizations, or parts thereof, whether public or private sector, and regardless of the type, size and nature of the organization or geographical location.

Annex A provides additional guidance on the use of this document.

A Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) is a formal document describing welding procedures. It is an internal document used by welding companies to instruct welders (or welding operators) on how to achieve quality production welds that meet all relevant code requirements. Each company typically develops their own WPS for each material alloy and for each welding type used. Specific codes and/or engineering societies are often the driving force behind the development of a company's WPS. A WPS is supported by a Procedure Qualification Record (PQR or WPQR), a formal record of a test weld performed and rigorously tested to ensure that the procedure will produce a good weld. Individual welders are certified with a qualification test documented in a Welder Qualification Test Record (WQTR) that shows they have the understanding and demonstrated ability to work within the specified WPS.

The following are definitions for WPS and PQR found in various codes and standards:

According to the American Welding Society (AWS), a WPS provides in detail the required welding variables for specific application to assure repeatability by properly trained welders. The AWS defines welding PQR as a record of welding variables used to produce an acceptable test weldment and the results of tests conducted on the weldment to qualify a Welding Procedure Specification. For steel construction (civil engineering structures) AWS D1.1 is a widely used standard. It specifies either a pre-qualification option (chapter 3) or a qualification option (chapter 4) for approval of welding processes.

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) similarly defines a WPS as a written document that provides direction to the welder or welding operator for making production welds in accordance with Code requirements. ASME also defines welding PQR as a record of variables recorded during the welding of the test coupon. The record also contains the test results of the tested specimens.

The Canadian Welding Bureau, through CSA Standards W47.1, W47.2 and W186, specifies both a WPS and a Welding Procedure Data Sheet (WPDS) to provide direction to the welding supervisor, welders and welding operators. The WPS provides general information on the welding process and material grouping being welded, while the WPDS provides specific welding variables/parameter/conditions for the specific weldment. All WPS and WPDS must be independently reviewed and accepted by the Canadian Welding Bureau prior to use. These CSA standards also define requirements for procedure qualification testing (PQT) to support the acceptance of the WPDS. A record of the procedure qualification test and the results must be documented on a procedure qualification record (PQR). All PQTs are independently witnessed by the Canadian Welding Bureau.

In Europe, the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) has adopted the ISO standards on welding procedure qualification (ISO 15607 to ISO 15614), which replaced the former European standard EN 288. EN ISO 15607 defines a WPS as "A document that has been qualified by one of the methods described in clause 6 and provides the required variables of the welding procedure to ensure repeatability during production welding". The same standard defines a Welding Procedure Qualification Record (WPQR) as "Record comprising all necessary data needed for qualification of a preliminary welding procedure specification"

This document specifies, in conjunction with ISO 22002-100, requirements for establishing, implementing and maintaining prerequisite programmes (PRPs) to control food safety hazards in food manufacturing.

This document is applicable to all organizations, regardless of size or complexity.

This document does not apply to other parts of the food supply chain.

Exclusions to requirements can be supported by a sufficient justification that ensures that the exclusion does not adversely impact food safety.

CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) is an internationally recognized process improvement framework developed by the IIQ Institute. It helps organizations improve how they develop products, deliver services, and manage processes.

CMMI has 5 maturity levels.
Level 3 = “Defined”

At CMMI Level 3, an organization:

• Has well-documented, standardized processes

• Uses these processes across the entire organization

• Tailors standard processes for individual projects

• Trains employees on these defined processes

• Uses process assets like templates, guidelines, and standards

• CMMI does not certify individuals

• The organization is appraised and awarded a CMMI Level 3 Appraisal Result

• Often called a “certificate” informally, but officially it is an SCAMPI appraisal result (or equivalent under the new CMMI model)

Organizations pursue CMMI Level 3 to:

• Improve quality and predictability

• Reduce project risks and rework

• Win government or large enterprise contracts

• Demonstrate process maturity to clients

• Improve customer satisfaction

• IT & Software Development companies

• Engineering organizations

• Defense & government contractors

• Large outsourcing and service providers

• The appraisal result is typically valid for 3 years

• Requires re-appraisal to maintain the level

To get CMMI Level 3, an organization must follow a structured, step-by-step process. Below is a clear and practical roadmap used by most companies.

CMMI Level 3 focuses on organization-wide defined processes.

Key expectations:

• Standard processes used across all projects

• Process tailoring guidelines

• Documented policies & procedures

• Training programs

• Organizational process assets (templates, checklists, standards)

• Compare your current processes with CMMI Level 3 practices

• Identify missing or weak areas

• Decide what needs to be created or improved

👉 Usually done by a CMMI consultant or Lead Appraiser

Create an SEPG / EPG (Engineering or Enterprise Process Group):

• Owns process definition

• Maintains process documents

• Monitors compliance

• ready